Peptide Knowledge

5-Amino-1MQ — full name 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium — is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), studied in research on adipose tissue metabolism, energy expenditure and NAD+ availability. It is…

BAM-15 is a mitochondrial protonophore researched for its potential role as a mitochondrial uncoupler. In laboratory settings, BAM-15 is studied for its effects on energy expenditure, mitochondrial efficiency,…

Cagrilintide — also identified in the literature by its development code AM833 — is a synthetic, long-acting analogue of the pancreatic hormone amylin. It is studied as an…

Liraglutide is an acylated analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, and the compound that established acylation as a workable strategy for extending peptide half-life. Everything in the GLP family documented…

MOTS-c — Mitochondrial Open reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA type-c — is a sixteen-residue peptide studied in research on metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity and exercise physiology.…

Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide that agonises three receptors: GLP-1, GIP and glucagon. It represents the current extension of a design progression running through this catalogue — single…

Semaglutide is a synthetic analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1, engineered for a duration of action measured in days rather than minutes. It is among the most thoroughly characterised compounds…

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small-molecule agonist of the estrogen-related receptors, developed in academic medicinal chemistry and studied in relation to mitochondrial function and exercise capacity. The name records…

Tirzepatide is a synthetic 39-residue peptide that agonises two incretin receptors: the GLP-1 receptor and the GIP receptor. It is the first dual incretin agonist to be characterised…

AOD9604 is a synthetic analogue of the C-terminal region of human growth hormone, developed at Monash University in Australia and studied for effects on lipid metabolism. It progressed…

CJC-1295 No DAC is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone, built on the 29-residue active fragment of GHRH and carrying four amino acid substitutions that protect it…

CJC-1295 with DAC is a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue engineered for exceptional duration. It combines a modified 29-residue GHRH fragment with a Drug Affinity Complex — a chemical…

GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone) is a naturally occurring peptide hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone by acting directly on the pituitary gland. In its synthetic…

GHRP-2 — also known as pralmorelin and by the development code KP-102 — is a synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue acting at the ghrelin receptor. It was developed…

GHRP-6 — Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6 — is a synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates pituitary growth hormone release by activating the ghrelin receptor. It is one of the original…

Hexarelin is a synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue developed in Italy in the early 1990s. It belongs to the same family as GHRP-6, GHRP-2 and Ipamorelin, and is…

hGH Fragment 176-191 is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the last sixteen residues of human growth hormone. It exists because of a structure–function finding: the effects of growth…

IGF1-DES — properly DES(1-3)IGF-1 — is a truncated form of insulin-like growth factor 1 lacking the first three residues of the sequence. It is studied for the same…

IGF1-LR3 — Long R3 insulin-like growth factor 1 — is an engineered analogue of human IGF-1, studied in research on cell growth, protein synthesis and metabolic signalling.

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue acting at the ghrelin receptor. It arrived after the first-generation GHRPs and was built to address a specific criticism of…

PEG MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) is a synthetic, stabilized version of MGF, a splice variant of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) gene. The addition of polyethylene glycol…

Sermorelin is GHRH(1-29) amide — the first twenty-nine residues of growth hormone-releasing hormone, with an amidated C-terminus and no other modification. It is the unembellished form of the…

Tesamorelin is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone, studied for effects on the growth hormone axis and on visceral fat. It is one of the small number…

AHK-Cu is a complex of the tripeptide alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine with copper(II). It is closely related to GHK-Cu, differing at one position, and is studied principally in the context of…

BPC-157 is a synthetic fifteen-residue peptide corresponding to a partial sequence of Body Protection Compound, a protein identified in human gastric juice. It is studied in research on…

GHK-Cu is a complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine with copper(II). It occurs naturally in human plasma, saliva and urine, and is studied in research on wound repair, collagen…

KPV is the tripeptide lysine-proline-valine, corresponding to the final three residues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is studied for anti-inflammatory activity, principally in models of intestinal and cutaneous inflammation.

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin — a class of antimicrobial peptides forming part of innate immunity. It is studied both as a direct antimicrobial agent and as…

TB-500 is the designation used for synthetic thymosin beta-4, a 43-residue peptide that is the principal actin-sequestering molecule in mammalian cells. It is studied in research on cell…

Bronchogen is a synthetic tetrapeptide, one of a series of short peptide “bioregulators” developed in Russia and associated with respiratory tissue. It belongs to the same research programme…

Cardiogen is a research peptide conceptually related to Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4), a naturally occurring thymic peptide known for its tissue repair and regenerative properties. In laboratory settings, Cardiogen…

Epithalon — also written Epitalon, Epithalone, or Epithalamin, and referred to in the literature by its amino acid sequence AEDG (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) — is a synthetic tetrapeptide developed as…

Glutathione is a tripeptide found in essentially every cell of every animal, plant and micro-organism, typically at millimolar concentration — far higher than most biological molecules. It is…

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme present in every living cell and one of the most fundamental molecules in biochemistry. NAD+ is its oxidised form. It is studied…

Thymagen is a synthetic peptide fragment derived from thymopoietin, a naturally occurring thymic peptide hormone. In laboratory research, Thymagen is studied for its potential immunomodulatory and regenerative properties…

Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-residue peptide originally isolated from thymus tissue and studied as an immunomodulator. It is one of the few compounds in this library whose activity…

Gonadorelin is synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone — GnRH, also called LHRH — the decapeptide released by the hypothalamus to control pituitary secretion of luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Melanotan I — known in its approved form as afamelanotide — is a synthetic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is the most conservative of the melanocortin analogues covered…

Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, studied as a non-selective agonist across the melanocortin receptor family. It was developed in the 1980s at…

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. It is among the most thoroughly studied molecules in endocrinology, in routine clinical…

PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, is a cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist. It is studied for central nervous system effects on sexual function, and it is one of…

DSIP — delta sleep-inducing peptide — is a nonapeptide isolated in the late 1970s and studied in relation to sleep, stress response and thermoregulation.

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, studied for anxiolytic and stress-related effects. Like Semax, it is…

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone, studied for neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. It was developed in Russia in the 1980s and is registered there as…